Milprazon 12.5 mg/125 mg Tablets for Dogs Weighing at Least 5 kg

Composition

Each tablet contains:

Active substances:

Milbemycin oxime 12.5 mg

Praziquantel 125.0 mg

Excipients:

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

6.1 List of excipients

Cellulose, microcrystalline

Lactose monohydrate

Povidone

Croscarmellose sodium

Silica, colloidal anhydrous

Meat Flavour

Yeast powder

Magnesium stearate

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Pharmaceutical form

Tablet.

Yellowish-white with brown spots, round, slightly biconvex tablets.

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Pharmacological properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Endectocides, Macrocyclic lactones, milbemycin, combinations

ATCvet code: QP54AB51

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Milbemycin oxime belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones, isolated from the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. aureolacrimosus. It is active against mites, against larval and adult stages of nematodes as well as against larvae of Dirofilaria immitis.

The activity of milbemycin is related to its action on invertebrate neurotransmission: Milbemycin oxime, like avermectins and other milbemycins, increases nematode and insect membrane permeability to chloride ions via glutamate-gated chloride ion channels (related to vertebrate GABAA and glycine receptors). This leads to hyperpolarisation of the neuromuscular membrane and flaccid paralysis and death of the parasite.

Praziquantel is an acylated pyrazino-isoquinoline derivative. Praziquantel is active against cestodes and trematodes. It modifies the permeability for calcium (influx of Ca2+) in the membranes of the parasite inducing an imbalance in the membrane structures, leading to membrane depolarisation and almost instantaneous contraction of the musculature (tetany), rapid vacuolisation of the syncytial tegument and subsequent tegumental disintegration (blebbing), resulting in easier expulsion from the gastrointestinal tract or death of the parasite.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic particulars

After oral administration of praziquantel in the dog, after a small amount of food, peak serum levels of parent are rapidly attained (Tmax approximately 0.25-2.5 hours) and decline quickly (t1/2 approximately 1 hour); there is a substantial hepatic first-pass effect, with very rapid and almost complete hepatic biotransformation, principally to monohydroxylated (also some di- and tri-hydroxylated) derivatives, which are mostly glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugated before excretion. Plasma binding is about 80%. Excretion is fast and complete (about 90% in 2 days); the principal route of elimination is renal.

After oral administration of milbemycin oxime in dogs, after a small amount of food, peak plasma levels occur at about 0.75-3.5 hours, and decline with a half-life of the unmetabolised milbemycin oxime of 1-4 days. Bioavailability is about 80%.

In the rat, metabolism appears to be complete although slow, since unchanged milbemycin oxime has not been found in urine or faeces. Main metabolites in the rat are monohydroxylated derivatives, attributable to hepatic biotransformation. In addition to relatively high liver concentrations, there is some concentration in fat, reflecting its lipophilicity.

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Target species

Dogs (weighing at least 5 kg).

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Indications

In dogs: treatment of mixed infections by adult cestodes and nematodes of the following species:

- Cestodes:

Dipylidium caninum

Taenia spp.

Echinococcus spp.

Mesocestoides spp.

- Nematodes:

Ancylostoma caninum

Toxocara canis

Toxascaris leonina

Trichuris vulpis

Crenosoma vulpis (Reduction of the level of infection)

Angiostrongylus vasorum (Reduction of the level of infection by immature adult (L5) and adult parasite stages; see specific treatment and disease prevention schedules under section 4.9 "Amounts to be administered and administration route")

Thelazia callipaeda (see specific treatment schedule under section 4.9 "Amounts to be administered and administration route")

The veterinary medicinal product can also be used in the prevention of heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) if concomitant treatment against cestodes is indicated.

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Dosage

Oral use.

To ensure a correct dosage, body weight should be determined as accurately as possible.

Minimum recommended dose rate: 0.5 mg of milbemycin oxime and 5 mg of praziquantel per kg are given once orally.

The veterinary medicinal product should be administered with or after some food.

Depending on the bodyweight of the dog, the practical dosing is as follows:

In cases when heartworm disease prevention is used and at the same time treatment against tapeworm is required, the veterinary medicinal product can replace the monovalent veterinary medicinal product for the prevention of heartworm disease.

For treatment of Angiostrongylus vasorum infections, milbemycin oxime should be given four times at weekly intervals. It is recommended, where concomitant treatment against cestodes is indicated, to treat once with the veterinary medicinal product and continue with the monovalent veterinary medicinal product containing milbemycin oxime alone, for the remaining three weekly treatments.

In endemic areas administration of the veterinary medicinal product every four weeks will prevent angiostrongylosis by reducing immature adult (L5) and adult parasite burden, where concomitant treatment against cestodes is indicated.

For the treatment of Thelazia callipaeda, milbemycin oxime should be given in 2 treatments, seven days apart. Where concomitant treatment against cestodes is indicated, the veterinary medicinal product can replace the monovalent veterinary medicinal product containing milbemycin oxime alone.

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Contraindications

Do not use in dogs weighing less than 5 kg.

Do not use in cases of hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients.

See also section 4.5 "Special precautions for use".

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Adverse reactions

Dogs:

Very rare (<1 animal / 10,000 animals treated, including isolated reports): Hypersensitivity reaction; Systemic disorders (e.g. lethargy); Neurological disorders (e.g. muscle tremors and ataxia); Digestive tract disorders (e.g. emesis, diarrhoea, anorexia and drooling).

Reporting adverse events is important. It allows continuous safety monitoring of a veterinary medicinal product. Reports should be sent, preferably via a veterinarian, to either the marketing authorisation holder or its local representative or the national competent authority via the national reporting system. See also section 16 of the package leaflet for contact details.

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Warnings

Special precautions for use in animals

Studies with milbemycin oxime indicate that the margin of safety in certain dogs of Collie or related breeds is less than in other breeds. In these dogs, the recommended dose should be strictly observed.

The tolerance of the veterinary medicinal product in young puppies from these breeds has not been investigated.

Clinical signs in Collies are similar to those seen in the general dog population when overdosed.

Treatment of dogs with a high number of circulating microfilariae can sometimes lead to the appearance of hypersensitivity reactions, such as pale mucous membranes, vomiting, trembling, laboured breathing or excessive salivation. These reactions are associated with the release of proteins from dead or dying microfilariae and are not a direct toxic effect of the veterinary medicinal product. The use in dogs suffering from microfilaremia is thus not recommended.

In heartworm risk-areas, or in the case it is known that a dog has been travelling to and from heartworm risk regions, before using the veterinary medicinal product, a veterinary consultation is advised to exclude the presence of any concurrent infestation of Dirofilaria immitis. In the case of a positive diagnosis, adulticidal therapy is indicated before administering the veterinary medicinal product.

No studies have been performed with severely debilitated dogs or individuals with seriously compromised kidney or liver function. The veterinary medicinal product is not recommended for such animals or only according to a benefit/risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian.

In dogs less than 4 weeks old, tape worm infection is unusual. Treatment of animals less than 4 weeks old with a combination veterinary medicinal product may therefore not be necessary.

As the tablets are flavoured, they should be stored in a safe place out of the reach of animals.

Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals

In the event of accidental ingestion of the tablets, particularly by a child, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician. Wash hands after use.

Special precautions for the protection of the environment:

Not applicable.

Other precautions

Echinococcosis represents a hazard for humans. As Echinococcosis is a notifiable disease to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), specific guidelines on the treatment and follow-up, and on the safeguard of persons, need to be obtained from the relevant competent authority.

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Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay

Pregnancy and lactation:

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.

Fertility:

Can be used in breeding animals.

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Interactions

No interactions were observed when the recommended dose of the macrocyclic lactone selamectin was administered during treatment with the combination of milbemycin oxime and praziquantel at the recommended dose. In the absence of further studies, caution should be taken in the case of concurrent use of the veterinary medicinal product and other macrocyclic lactones. Also, no such studies have been performed with reproducing animals.

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Overdose

No data available.

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Special warnings

Parasite resistance to any particular class of anthelmintic may develop following frequent, repeated use of an anthelmintic of that class.

It is recommended to treat all the animals in the same household concomitantly. In order to develop an effective worm control programme local epidemiological information and the risk of exposure of the dog should be taken into account, and it is recommended to seek professional advice.

When D. caninum infection is present, concomitant treatment against intermediate hosts, such as fleas and lice, should be considered to prevent re-infection.

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Withdrawal period

Not applicable.

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Incompatibilities

Not applicable.

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Immediate packaging

Blister packs consisting of cold formed OPA/Al/PVC foil and aluminium foil.

Box with 1 blister of 2 tablets.

Box with 1 blister of 4 tablets.

Box with 12 blisters, each blister contains 4 tablets.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

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Storage

Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture. This veterinary medicinal product does not require any special temperature storage conditions.

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Shelf life

Shelf life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 3 years.

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Disposal of unused product

Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater.

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal product should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

The veterinary medicinal product should not enter water courses as milbemycin oxime may be dangerous for fish and other aquatic organisms.

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Additional information

Vm 01656/5076

9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION

06 February 2015

10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

June 2024

11 CLASSIFICATION OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Veterinary medicinal product subject to prescription.

Find more product information by searching for the ‘Product Information Database’ or ‘PID’ on www.gov.uk.

Approved 12 June 2024

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Registration holder

KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto

Šmarješka cesta 6

8501 Novo mesto

Slovenia

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